Description
Features |
Diameter of cylinders: 22.5cm |
Height of cylinders: 25cm |
Diameter of holes in cylinder: 4cm |
Distance of holes from the floor: 12.5cm |
Position of exit hole away from straight direction: 45° |
Position of entrance hole away from exit holes: 135° |

Introduction
The Path Regularity Maze serves as a research tool to investigate navigational strategies and orientation in honeybees. This paradigm explores maze-learning through four distinct types: constant-turn, zig-zag, irregular, and variable irregular mazes.
While vertebrates like rats have been extensively studied for their use of colors or marks in labyrinth navigation, the application of these methods to honeybees remains less explored. Shaowu, Akiko, and Mandyam (2000) introduced the Path Regularity Maze to determine if honeybees can distinguish between mazes with regular patterns and those without markings across various configurations.
In the Path Regularity Maze setup, cylinders feature entrance and exit holes. Bees flying the correct path enter a cylinder through one hole and exit through one of two possible holes. One exit hole continues the correct route through the maze, while the other leads to a dead end. Following the correct path leads the bee to the final cylinder containing a reward.
Apparatus and Equipment
The setup comprises a series of vertically-oriented cylinders (diameter: 22.5cm, height: 25cm) utilized as building blocks for maze construction. Each cylinder is equipped with three holes (diameter: 4cm), positioned 12.5cm above the base. The exit holes are angled at 45Āŗ to the right or left relative to each other. Transparent Perspex covers encase all cylinders.
Training Protocol
House bees in a controlled glasshouse environment kept at 24°ā±5°C during the day and 17°ā±3°C at night. Install a beehive within the glasshouse equipped with entry and exit points. Prior to each experiment, select and train 10 bees by reinforcing navigation skills through a designated maze. Record experiments using Noldus Etho VisionĀ® XT for accurate data capture and analysis. Transparent Perspex covers encase all cylinders.
Data Analysis
The bee performance is evaluated by group flights into four categories:
- C1: number of flights in which a bee arrives at the feeder without making any mistakes.
- C2: number of flights in which the bee retraces path but remains on the correct path and successfully arrives at the goal.
- C3: number of flights in which a bee makes at least one wrong turn but manages to arrive at the goal within 5 min. This category is divided into three subcategories: C3a, C3b, and C3c, representing one, two, and three or more wrong turns, respectively.
- C4: number of flights in which the bee does not reach the goal within 5 min of flight, irrespective of path choice. Such bees get trapped and require entry into the maze to start anew.
C1 denotes the best performance and C4 the worst.
Other measures assessed during each task include:
- Duration of Flight: Time in seconds required to reach the feeder. Flight duration is measured as T1 (1ā30 sec), T2 (31ā60 sec), T3 (61ā90 sec), T4 (91ā120 sec), and T5 (120ā300 sec).
- Bee Choice in Each Chamber: measured by plotting performance histograms.
Strengths and Limitations
Summary
- Path regularity maze determines complex maze learning in honeybees.
- This concept has been studied in vertebrates.
- Honeybees navigate through surroundings with the help of cues and symmetry.
- Path regularity maze uses four types of maze to test complex maze learning in honeybees.
- These mazes include constant-turn maze, zig-zag maze, irregular maze and variable irregular maze.
- The honeybee enters the maze through one hole and flies to exit to receive the reward.
- The maze is developed by Shaowu et al. (2000)
References
Mizutani, A., Srinivasan, M.V., & Zhang, S. (2000).Ā Maze Navigation by Honeybees: Learning Path Regularity.Ā Learn Mem, 7(6), 363ā374.